In 1761, Leopold Auenbrugger, a Viennese physician, published a book proposing "percussion of the human thorax, whereby, according to the character of the particular sounds thence elicited, an opinion is formed of the internal state of that cavity."2 He had observed his father, an innkeeper, use this technique to check the wine levels in his casks. Although his discovery was initially ignored, percussion was reintroduced by Jean-Nicolas Corvisart in early 19th-century France, and became an essential addition to the chest examination until it was mostly supplanted by the chest x-ray.
Reference:
Fuster, V., Walsh, R. A., O'Rourke, R. A., & Poole-Wilson, P. (2008). Hurst's The Heart, 12th ed. The McGraw-Hill Companies.